-
1 dohajati
-
2 obdržati
-
3 ostati
keep, remain, stay -
4 pustiti
keep, leave, let -
5 skrbeti za
keep, care, care -
6 bъděti
bъděti Grammatical information: v. Accent paradigm: c? Proto-Slavic meaning: `be awake'Page in Trubačev: III 109Old Church Slavic:Russian:Czech:bdíti `awake, keep watch' [verb]Slovak:Lower Sorbian:bźeś (Jakub.) `awake, keep watch' [verb]Serbo-Croatian:bdjȅti (arch.) `be awake, keep watch' [verb]Slovene:bǝdẹ́ti `be awake, keep watch' [verb], bǝdím [1sg];bdẹ́ti `be awake, keep watch' [verb], bdím [1sg]Bulgarian:Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: bud-Lithuanian:budė́ti `be awake, keep watch' [verb]Indo-European reconstruction: bʰudʰ-IE meaning: observe, notice, be awakePage in Pokorny: 150Notes:\{1\} AP (c) in Old Russian (Zaliznjak 1985: 139). -
7 dьržati
dьržati Grammatical information: v. Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `hold'Page in Trubačev: V 230Old Church Slavic:Russian:deržát' `hold, keep' [verb], deržú [1sg], déržit [3sg] \{2\}Czech:Slovak:Polish:dzierżeć `hold, possess' [verb]Serbo-Croatian:dr̀žati `hold, keep' [verb], dr̀žīm [1sg];Čak. držȁti (Vrgada) `hold, keep' [verb], držĩs [2sg];Čak. držȁti, držãt (Orbanići) `hold, hold on, support, keep' [verb], držĩn [1sg]Slovene:dŕžati `hold, keep' [verb], držím [1sg] \{3\}Bulgarian:dăržá `hold, keep' [verb]IE meaning: d(ʰ)rgʰ / d(ʰ)rǵʰComments: The root may be an extension of *dʰer-, cf. Skt. dhāráyati `hold', unless we assume that Gk. δράσσομαι `seize, grab' also belongs here.Other cognates:Notes:\{1\} Spellings with ъ are predominant. In the SJS, the lemma is actually drъžati. \{2\} AP (c) in Old Russian (Zaliznjak 1985: 139). \{3\} The form držáti (Pleteršnik I: 182) is a printing error. -
8 bergtì
bergtì Grammatical information: v. Accent paradigm: c? Proto-Slavic meaning: `take care of'Page in Trubačev: I 189-191Old Church Slavic:nebrěšti `neglect' [verb], nebrěgǫ [1sg]Russian:beréč́ `take care of, spare' [verb], beregú [1sg], berežët [3sg]Belorussian:beragčý `take care of, spare' [verb]Ukrainian:beregtý `take care of, spare, preserve' [verb]Serbo-Croatian:brijèći (arch.) `take care of, spare, guard, preserve' [verb]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: berg-teiLithuanian:bìrginti `save, stint' [verb]Indo-European reconstruction: bʰergʰ-IE meaning: keepPage in Pokorny: 145Other cognates: -
9 krỳti
krỳti Grammatical information: v. Accent paradigm: a Proto-Slavic meaning: `cover, hide'Page in Trubačev: XIII 71-72Old Church Slavic:Russian:Czech:krýti `hide, keep' [verb]Slovak:Polish:kryć `cover, hide' [verb]Serbo-Croatian:krȉti `hide, keep' [verb]Slovene:kríti `cover' [verb], krȋjem [1sg]Bulgarian:kríja `hide, cover' [verb]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: kr(o)uʔteiLithuanian:kráuti `heap, pile' [verb]Latvian:kraũt `heap, pile' [verb]Indo-European reconstruction: kruH-Page in Pokorny: 616 -
10 xorniti
xorniti Grammatical information: v.Page in Trubačev: VIII 78-79Old Church Slavic:Russian:xoronít' `bury, hide' [verb], xoronjú [1sg], xorónit [3sg];xranít' `keep, preserve' [verb], xranjú [1sg], xranít [3sg]Czech:chrániti `defend, guard' [verb]Polish:chronić `defend, guard' [verb]Polabian:xornĕ `feed' [f ā]Serbo-Croatian:hrániti `feed, keep, preserve, save' [verb], hrȃnīm [1sg];Čak. hrā̊nȉti (Vrgada) `feed, save' [verb], hrãnīš [2sg];Čak. hrānȉt (Orbanići) `feed, nourish' [verb], hrãnin [1sg]Slovene:hrániti `keep, guard' [verb], hránim [1sg]Bulgarian:xránja `feed' [verb]Comments: The noun from which this verb derives may be a borrowing from Iranian.Other cognates:Av. xvarǝna- -
11 mižati
I. mьžati I; mižati Grammatical information: v. Proto-Slavic meaning: `screw up one's eyes, doze'Page in Trubačev: XIX 62-63; XXI 179Russian:Czech:Polish:mżeć `blink, doze, dream' [verb]Serbo-Croatian:míždati `doze, drizzle' [verb]Slovene:mǝžáti `keep one's eyes closed' [verb], mǝžím [1sg];mížati `keep one's eyes closed' [verb], mižím [1sg]Bulgarian:mižá `blink, screw up one's eyes, flicker' [verb];mížă (dial.) `screw up one's eyes, stand with eyes closed' [verb]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: mig-Indo-European reconstruction: h₃meigʰ-IE meaning: flicker, blinkCertainty: +Page in Pokorny: 712II. \>\> mьzěti -
12 držati
hold, keep -
13 hraniti
feed, keep -
14 imeti
have, hold, keep -
15 nadaljevati
carry, continue, keep, proceed, resume -
16 zadržati
hold, keep, restrain -
17 majati
majati; mavati Grammatical information: v. Proto-Slavic meaning: `wave, beckon'Page in Trubačev: XVII 133-135, XVIII 21-22Old Church Slavic:namaiaaxǫ (Supr.) `beckoned' [3pl ipf]Church Slavic:Russian:májat' `exhaust, harass' [verb];Old Russian:Czech:mávati `wave' [verb]Slovak:mávat' `wave' [verb]Lower Sorbian:mawaś `wave, rock' [verb]Serbo-Croatian:mȁjati `beckon, keep, detain' [verb]Slovene:májati `move about, shake' [verb], májam [1sg], májem [1sg]Bulgarian:mája `dawdle, detain' [verb]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: maH-Lithuanian:móti `beckon' [verb]Latvian:mãt `beckon' [verb]Indo-European reconstruction: meh₂-IE meaning: beckonPage in Pokorny: 693Comments: It is clear that *majati and *mavati continue one and the same verb, j and v being "Hiatustilger". While majati `to beckon' cannot be separated from Lith. móti, Latv. mãt `id.', majati `to detain, to tire, to exhaust' has been linked to Germanic forms like OHG muoan and Go. afmauiʮs (cf. Stang 1972: 35). The respective roots in Pokorny are mā- (693) and mō- (746). If we assume that *majati indeed continues *meh₂- as well as *meh₃- (LIV: 382), we have to settle for semantic arguments. Since it is also possible to argue on semantic grounds that *majati ultimately continues *meh₂- `to beckon' only (Trubačëv XVII 134), it is to a certain extent a matter of choice which solution one prefers.Other cognates: -
18 mavati
majati; mavati Grammatical information: v. Proto-Slavic meaning: `wave, beckon'Page in Trubačev: XVII 133-135, XVIII 21-22Old Church Slavic:namaiaaxǫ (Supr.) `beckoned' [3pl ipf]Church Slavic:Russian:májat' `exhaust, harass' [verb];Old Russian:Czech:mávati `wave' [verb]Slovak:mávat' `wave' [verb]Lower Sorbian:mawaś `wave, rock' [verb]Serbo-Croatian:mȁjati `beckon, keep, detain' [verb]Slovene:májati `move about, shake' [verb], májam [1sg], májem [1sg]Bulgarian:mája `dawdle, detain' [verb]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: maH-Lithuanian:móti `beckon' [verb]Latvian:mãt `beckon' [verb]Indo-European reconstruction: meh₂-IE meaning: beckonPage in Pokorny: 693Comments: It is clear that *majati and *mavati continue one and the same verb, j and v being "Hiatustilger". While majati `to beckon' cannot be separated from Lith. móti, Latv. mãt `id.', majati `to detain, to tire, to exhaust' has been linked to Germanic forms like OHG muoan and Go. afmauiʮs (cf. Stang 1972: 35). The respective roots in Pokorny are mā- (693) and mō- (746). If we assume that *majati indeed continues *meh₂- as well as *meh₃- (LIV: 382), we have to settle for semantic arguments. Since it is also possible to argue on semantic grounds that *majati ultimately continues *meh₂- `to beckon' only (Trubačëv XVII 134), it is to a certain extent a matter of choice which solution one prefers.Other cognates: -
19 mьglà
mьglà; mьgà; miglъ Grammatical information: f. ā; f. ā; m. o Accent paradigm: b Proto-Slavic meaning: `mist, haze'Page in Trubačev: XXI 92-94Old Church Slavic:Russian:mglá `mist, haze, darkness' [f ā];Czech:Old Czech:Polish:Upper Sorbian:Serbo-Croatian:màgla `mist, haze' [f ā], mȁglu [Accs];Čak. maglȁ (Novi) `mist, haze' [f ā], maglȕ [Accs], mȁglu;Kajk. mīēglȍ (Bednja) `mist, haze' [f ā], mīēglȕ [Accs] \{1\};mǝgà (dial.) `drizzle' [f ā]Slovene:mǝglà `mist, haze' [f ā], mglè [Gens], mglę̑ [Gens]Bulgarian:măglá `mist, haze' [f ā]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: migláHLithuanian:miglà `mist, haze' [f ā] 2/4;miẽgas `sleep' [m o] 2;mìgti `sleep, fall asleep' [verb]Latvian:mìegs `sleep' [m o]Old Prussian:Indo-European reconstruction: h₃migʰ-leh₂IE meaning: mist, cloudPage in Pokorny: 712Comments: I agree with Mayrhofer (EWAia s.v. meghá-) that we must in principle distinguish PIE. *h₃meiǵʰ- and *h₃meigʰ- (cf. Kern 1894: 106). The former root is present in Lith. mỹžti, Latv. mìzt `urinate', and is, in my opinion, sparsely attested in Slavic. On account of their semantic similarity, the above-mentioned Slavic verbs meaning `to drizzle' are sometimes connected with mỹžti etc. I think that the Slavic etyma listed above show that verbs like *mьžiti are best grouped together with *mьglà. A more complicated issue is the relationship between words meaning `mist, drizzle' (*meigʰ- B `dunkel vor den Augen werden, Nebel, Wolke' in Pokorny) and words meaning `blink, twinkle' (*meigʰ- A `flimmern, blinzeln, micāre'), which I discuss s.v. mȋgъ. Since there is no obvious semantic link between these groups, Trubačëv basically tries to keep them apart, e.g. *mьžiti I `blink, twinkle' vs. *mьžiti II `drizzle' (but Ru.(dial.) mža `doze; drizzle; said about smth. which vanished rapidly' without further distinctions). It is not entirely clear how the meanings `doze, drowsiness' and `swarm (with) `fit in. LSrb. migoriś se `move to and fro, swarm with; drizzle' (Schuster-Šewc 907) is matched by MoDu. (dial.) miggelen (miegelen) `drizzle; swarm with'. Ru.(dial.) mžit' `doze, be delirious' is mentioned by Trubačëv s.v. *mьžiti I, but a connection with *mьžiti I cannot be excluded, cf. SCr. míždati `drizzle, doze', MoHG drisseln `drizzle, doze', drusen `doze', drussig `clouded', Lith. blañdas `sleepiness; cloudiness' (cf. Merkulova 1975: 59). Discussing the origin of the meaning `doze' is essentially the same as establishing the semantic connection between Slavic *mьg- and Lith. miẽgas `sleep', mìgt `sleep, fall asleep', miegóti `sleep' etc. Fraenkel (I 447) considers the meaning of miegóti to have evolved from `close one's eyes' (cf. Kern 1894: 109). This seems plausible indeed. On the other hand, there are parallels for a connection between `sleep' and `cloud', e.g. Av. snaođa- `cloud' vs. Lith. snáusti `doze' or OIr. nél `cloud; swoon, faintness, stupor' (cf. Merkulova 1975: 58-59). As long as there is no evidence for a formal distinction between the roots of *mьglà and *mȋgъ, I think that we must depart from a single root h₃meigʰ-.Other cognates:Skt. meghá- (RV) `cloud, gloomy weather';Skt. míh- (RV, TS) `haze, rain' [f];Notes: -
20 mьgà
mьglà; mьgà; miglъ Grammatical information: f. ā; f. ā; m. o Accent paradigm: b Proto-Slavic meaning: `mist, haze'Page in Trubačev: XXI 92-94Old Church Slavic:Russian:mglá `mist, haze, darkness' [f ā];Czech:Old Czech:Polish:Upper Sorbian:Serbo-Croatian:màgla `mist, haze' [f ā], mȁglu [Accs];Čak. maglȁ (Novi) `mist, haze' [f ā], maglȕ [Accs], mȁglu;Kajk. mīēglȍ (Bednja) `mist, haze' [f ā], mīēglȕ [Accs] \{1\};mǝgà (dial.) `drizzle' [f ā]Slovene:mǝglà `mist, haze' [f ā], mglè [Gens], mglę̑ [Gens]Bulgarian:măglá `mist, haze' [f ā]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: migláHLithuanian:miglà `mist, haze' [f ā] 2/4;miẽgas `sleep' [m o] 2;mìgti `sleep, fall asleep' [verb]Latvian:mìegs `sleep' [m o]Old Prussian:Indo-European reconstruction: h₃migʰ-leh₂IE meaning: mist, cloudPage in Pokorny: 712Comments: I agree with Mayrhofer (EWAia s.v. meghá-) that we must in principle distinguish PIE. *h₃meiǵʰ- and *h₃meigʰ- (cf. Kern 1894: 106). The former root is present in Lith. mỹžti, Latv. mìzt `urinate', and is, in my opinion, sparsely attested in Slavic. On account of their semantic similarity, the above-mentioned Slavic verbs meaning `to drizzle' are sometimes connected with mỹžti etc. I think that the Slavic etyma listed above show that verbs like *mьžiti are best grouped together with *mьglà. A more complicated issue is the relationship between words meaning `mist, drizzle' (*meigʰ- B `dunkel vor den Augen werden, Nebel, Wolke' in Pokorny) and words meaning `blink, twinkle' (*meigʰ- A `flimmern, blinzeln, micāre'), which I discuss s.v. mȋgъ. Since there is no obvious semantic link between these groups, Trubačëv basically tries to keep them apart, e.g. *mьžiti I `blink, twinkle' vs. *mьžiti II `drizzle' (but Ru.(dial.) mža `doze; drizzle; said about smth. which vanished rapidly' without further distinctions). It is not entirely clear how the meanings `doze, drowsiness' and `swarm (with) `fit in. LSrb. migoriś se `move to and fro, swarm with; drizzle' (Schuster-Šewc 907) is matched by MoDu. (dial.) miggelen (miegelen) `drizzle; swarm with'. Ru.(dial.) mžit' `doze, be delirious' is mentioned by Trubačëv s.v. *mьžiti I, but a connection with *mьžiti I cannot be excluded, cf. SCr. míždati `drizzle, doze', MoHG drisseln `drizzle, doze', drusen `doze', drussig `clouded', Lith. blañdas `sleepiness; cloudiness' (cf. Merkulova 1975: 59). Discussing the origin of the meaning `doze' is essentially the same as establishing the semantic connection between Slavic *mьg- and Lith. miẽgas `sleep', mìgt `sleep, fall asleep', miegóti `sleep' etc. Fraenkel (I 447) considers the meaning of miegóti to have evolved from `close one's eyes' (cf. Kern 1894: 109). This seems plausible indeed. On the other hand, there are parallels for a connection between `sleep' and `cloud', e.g. Av. snaođa- `cloud' vs. Lith. snáusti `doze' or OIr. nél `cloud; swoon, faintness, stupor' (cf. Merkulova 1975: 58-59). As long as there is no evidence for a formal distinction between the roots of *mьglà and *mȋgъ, I think that we must depart from a single root h₃meigʰ-.Other cognates:Skt. meghá- (RV) `cloud, gloomy weather';Skt. míh- (RV, TS) `haze, rain' [f];Notes:
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